Pengertian mikrotik adalah sebuah sistem operasi perangkat lunak yang berguna untuk menjadikan komputer sebagai router jaringan yang handal, dengan menghubungkan perangkat lebih dari satu jaringan. Sistem operasi ini dapat memberi kelancaran kegiatan administrasi jaringan komputer.
Kebutuhan akan internet menjadi hal yang sangat lumrah untuk ditemui pada kehidupan masyarakat di era teknologi digital saat ini. Banyak sekali opsi atau cara untuk membuat konfigurasi sistem operasi jaringan pada perangkat komputer. Mikrotik adalah salah satu cara untuk dapat mengembangkan paket layanan internet agar dapat digunakan dalam berbagai perangkat komputer yang tersedia.
Pada artikel kali akan membahas seputar apa itu mikrotik, sejarah, fungsi, jenis, cara kerja, hingga manfaatnya. Sehingga, anda memiliki pengetahuan mengenai dasar dalam pembuatan sistem operasi jaringan di tempat kerja maupun di rumah anda sendiri.
Router Mikrotik ini memiliki kemampuan routing yang dapat menghubungkan perangkat lebih dari satu jaringan serta dapat memilih jalur yang paling optimal menuju ke perangkat komputer atau perangkat lainnya. Hal inilah yang menjadi salah satu alasan banyak yang memilih Mikrotik sebagai routernya
Pengertian Mikrotik
Mikrotik adalah sistem operasi yang berbasis perangkat lunak (software) yang dipergunakan untuk menjadikan komputer sebagai router sebuah jaringan. Mikrotik juga menggunakan sistem operasi berbasis Linux dan menjadi dasar network router. Sistem operasi (OS) ini sangat cocok untuk membangun administrasi jaringan komputer yang berskala kecil hingga besar.
Namun, hingga saat ini masih banyak orang yang salah memahami pengertian dari mikrotik dan router. Jika mikrotik adalah sebuah sistem operasi yang termasuk dalam golongan open source, maka router merupakan perangkat keras yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara dua jaringan atau lebih. Jadi, perbedaan yang paling mendasar adalah mikrotik sebagai software dan router berperan menjadi hardware.
Sejarah Mikrotik
Mikrotik sendiri merupakan nama perusahaan kecil yang berkantor di pusat negara Latvia, dan dibentuk oleh John Trully serta Arnis Riekstins. Sekitar tahun 1966, mereka berdua memulai dengan sistem operasi Linux dan MS DOS dan dikombinasikan dengan teknologi berbasis wireless (nirkabel) LAN atau WLAN Aeronet yang berkecepatan hingga 2 Mbps di Moldova.
Dan kemudian melayani sekitar lima pelanggan baru di Latvia. Seiring berjalannya waktu, prinsip dasar dari mikrotik bukan membuat wireless ISP (Internet Service Provider) lagi. Akan tetapi, dapat membuat program router yang andal dan dapat dijalankan di seluruh negara.
Fungsi Mikrotik
Setelah mengetahui sejarah singkat dari mikrotik, selanjutnya kita akan membahas mengenai fungsi – fungsi yang dimilikinya.
1. Memberikan Sistem Otentikasi
Fungsi yang pertama, dipergunakan untuk membantu dalam memblokir situs yang mengandung konten yang dilarang tegas oleh undang – undang. Sehingga, program ini sangat mendukung untuk terciptanya internet positif sebagai langkah awal dalam mengurangi konten yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku.
2. Konfigurasi Jaringan Lokal
Dengan menggunakan mikrotik, mampu untuk mengatur dan mengkonfigurasi LAN (Local Area Network) yang menggunakan PC Mikrotik Router OS dan hardware yang berspesifikasi lebih rendah.
3. Untuk Pengelolaan Sistem Jaringan Internet
Fungsi yang ketiga adalah untuk jaringan internet secara lebih terpusat sehingga, administrator dapat melakukan pengelolaan dan manajemen data dengan lebih baik lagi.
4. Berperan sebagai Hotspot
Fungi yang keempat, juga berperan sebagai hotspot, dimana akan sangat mudah untuk melakukan konfigurasi dan membagi bandwidth bagi setiap jaringan komputer. Selain itu, juga memiliki tugas untuk memisahkan bandwidth traffic (lalu lintas) data internasional dan lokal.
5. Pembuatan PPPoE Server
Dan fungsi yang terakhir yaitu, digunakan untuk perangkat dalam pembuatan sebuah PPPoE Servers.
Jenis-Jenis Mikrotik
Setelah mengetahui setiap fungsi yang dimiliki oleh mikrotik, berikutnya masuk pada topik pembahasan mengenai jenis dari perangkat lunak berbasis sistem operasi jaringan ini yang terbagi menjadi dua jenis utama.
1. Mikrotik RouterOS
Jenis yang pertama adalah mikrotik RouterOS, dimana sistem operasi yang dipakai berbasis UNIX dan memiliki kelebihan dan juga menyediakan fitur mulai dari paket router, bridge, firewall, proxy server, hotspot dan lain sebagainya. Cukup dengan menggunakan sebuah Operating System (OS) saja, anda sudah dapat dan mampu untuk membangun router sendiri.
2. RouterBoard
Jika sebelumnya, RouterOS memanfaatkan sistem operasi perangkat lunak, maka RouterBoard merupakan perangkat keras (hardware) yang dikembangkan oleh perusahaan Mikrotik. RouterBoard berukuran sangat kecil dan lebih praktis, kemudian anda juga dapat melakukan proses instalasi RouterOS pada RouterBoard yang telah terkonfigurasi dengan baik.
RouterBoard terdiri dari sebuah processor, ROM, RAM, dan flash memory. Yang mana, harga di pasaran tidak terlalu mahal. Terkait dengan harganya sendiri rata – rata sekitar 600 – 800 ribu rupiah saja untuk pembelian perangkat RouterBoard.
Cara Setting Mikrotik yang Benar
Berikut ini, kami akan menjelaskan secara singkat dan padat mengenai bagaimana proses untuk menghubungkan mikrotik dengan jaringan internet. Pertama, anda harus melakukan konfigurasi terlebih dahulu mengenai beberapa hal seperti, IP Address, default route, NAT Masquerade, DNS Server, DHCP Server, dan Bridging.
Setiap proses tersebut dilakukan dengan berurutan, mulai dari mengatur IP Address pada interface (antarmuka) yang terhubung dengan jaringan ISP. Setelah itu, anda dapat memasukkan IP dan coba lakukan test PING pada gateway atau alamat IP dari ISP.
Caranya sangat mudah, yaitu membuka sebuah menu terminal dan masuk pada mode CLI (Command Line Interface). Kemudian, anda dapat melakukan test PING kembali dan masukkan IP Address -nya. Langkah selanjutnya, melakukan konfigurasi pada default route dengan gateway alamat IP. Anda dapat membuka kembali terminal untuk menguji koneksi internet dan coba atur DNS Server dari Google.
Langkah yang terakhir, anda dapat mengetikkan alamat IP dan centang checkbox yang bertuliskan “Allow”. Dan anda juga dapat menguji kembali dengan melakukan test PING kembali pada seluruh URL yang ada.
Manfaat Mikrotik
Pada pokok bahasan yang terakhir, kami akan menjelaskan terkait dengan manfaat apa saja yang dapat diperoleh dari penggunaan mikrotik untuk membangun sistem administrasi jaringan secara virtual dengan efektif dan efisien.
1. Sebagai Internet Gatewaypada Jaringan Lokal
Pertama, perangkat lunak ini dapat digunakan untuk menghubungkan beberapa jaringan lokal (LAN) dengan internet. Router mikrotik juga berperan penting dalam mengatur arus lalu lintas data yang masuk maupun keluar. Selain itu juga memiliki tugas sebagai pengatur konten dari internet yang dapat diakses oleh client (pengguna).
2. Penghubung Antar Jaringan (Routing)
Routing sendiri merupakan fitur utama yang dipunyai oleh mikrotik. Fungsi dari penerapan routing adalah untuk menghubungkan beberapa jaringan serta menentukan jalur terbaik dan tercepat untuk sampai pada alamat perangkat komputer yang dituju.
3. Sebagai Access Point
Mikrotik juga dilengkapi dengan berbagai fitur yang mendukung antarmuka berbasis wireless dan berfungsi sebagai Access Point pada jaringan WIFI (Wireless Fidelity). Contoh penerapannya dapat anda temui pada jaringan publik lokal seperti kantin, cafe, sekolah, kampus, hingga jaringan publik yang lainnya.
Itulah informasi lengkap mengenai mikrotik. Ternyata banyak sekali fungsi dan manfaat mikrotik itu. Simak informasi menarik lainnya di artikel kami selanjutnya ya.
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